Carbureter.



P. M. BLOM.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED M310, 1909.

Patented J an. 9, 1912.

INVENTOR, @amwm.

PEER MARTIN atom, or AIBO, RUSSIA, assrenoa, a r manor Am) MESNE ASSIGN-mnn'rs, or TWO-THIBDS r0 moon nat on am) own-mo 'ro mun sraaxs,

BOTH OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

Specification of Letters Petent.

Patented Jan. 9,1912.

Application filed April 10, 1909. Serial No. $89,225.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PEER MARTIN BLOM,

a citizen of Finland, and a resident of Abo,

and exact description 0 the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference bein had to the accompanyin'g,drawings, an to the figures ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to carburetors of the class particularly adaptedfor the use of either gasolene or kerosene as a fuel.

The object of my invention is the rovision of an improved and highly 'ecient carbureter of this class which is easy and simple of operation,economical'in the consumption of fuel, and capable of being readily andquickly changed to either a gasolene or a kerosene feed, and in whichthe exhaust from an engine is utilized to heat the air supplied to themixing chamber and also to heat the walls of such chamber to a hightemperature to facilitate'the vaporization of kerosene when used asafuel.

A further object of my invention is to provide a simple and cheapcarbureter which is so constructed as to effect a thorough mixing of theair and kerosene and a thorough and eflicient vaporization of thekerosene to make a highly inflammable mixture.

The operation, construction, and arrangement of the parts of theinvention are fully described in the following specification, and apreferred embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings,in which,-

Figure 1 is a top plan view of my carbureter with the upper deckremoved. 2 is a central vertical section of the same on the line a: m inFig. 3, and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the carbureter and attachedfloat chamber.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the casing forming the body ofthe carbureter, said casing being preferably of substantially circularform. Rising from the bottom 2 of this casing within the side wallthereof in spaced relation to said wall and to each other are thepartition walls 3, 4 and 5, which are shown as being of oval form withflattened end portions and concentrically arranged, but may be of anyother suitable form,- and equal in height to the outer casing wall -1.These partition walls form the central carbureting and vaporizingchamber 6 for air and kerosene, the annu ar channels 7, 8 and 9, aroundthe two former of which the fuel mixture passes after leaving thecentral chamber 6. The partition 3 is provided, referably on the endsand one s1de thereof, with a plurality of perforations 10 through whichthe fuel mixture the chamber and the partition 4 is propasses from thechamber 6 to vided at opposite sides thereof with openings 11 for thepassage of the fuel between the chambers 7 and 8. The passage of thefuel through the perforations 10 causes the particles of kerosene to bebroken up and atomized, this being facilitated by inclining theperforations, as shown, to cause the fuel to take a downward course inpassing therethrough' The chamber -8 is divided into two compartments bypartitions 12, 12, which are disposed at opposite sides thereof, eachbetween a pair of openings 11. To batlie the fuel vapor and cause it tohave a whirling action as it is discharged into the chamber 8 and passesaround the same whereby to more thoroughly mix the air and kerosenevapor and break up the particles of kerosene, the sides of the openlngs11 opposed to the associated partitions 12 are formed with outwardlyprojecting flanges or lips 13, as shown in Fig. 1.

Mounted on the top of the'body 1 and secured thereto by screws'14threading into bosses 15 of said body, or in any other suitable manner,is the upper deck or cap-piece 16, which fits down closely upon the topof the casing 1' and the partition walls 3, 4 and 5. This deck orcap-plece is provided on its top with a turret-chamber 17, which isbroadened transversely of the. body, prefthe partitions 12 through ports18, 18 in its bottom, see Fig. 2. The top of this chamthe motor may beattached in any suitable manner.

The exhaust from the associated engine is communicated to the annularchannel 9 of the carbureter body through. an opening 20 in one sidethereof, to which suitable piping connects, thence divides and passesaround the opposite portions of said channels and finds an exit from theopposite side thereof through an opening 21 in the casing, see Fig. 2. Aportion of the exhaust also passes through the tubes 22, whichtransversely intersect the chamber 6 and channels 7 and 8 and have theirends opening into the channel 9 adjacent the openings 20 and 21, thuscausing said chambers and channels to be heated both by radiant heatfrom the channel 9 and the pipes 22.

Secured to the under side of the bottom 2 of the carbureter body byscrews 23, or in any other suitable manner, is the casing part 24, whichcombines with the bottom 2 to form a conduit for the passage of exhaustgases of the engine. This conduit extends transversely of the bottom 2with its ends opening adjacent the openings 20 and 21 to enable the feedand take-01f pipes communicating, respectively, with said openings toalso serve as feed and take-ofi' pipes for such conduit]- The exhaustpassing through the conduit 24 serves to heat both the bottom 2 of thebody 1 and the air-tubes 25, which pass through the central portion ofsuch conduit and open communication between the atmosphere and thecarbureting chamber 6, as shown.

26 designates a nozzle, which stands upright in the center of thechamber 6 to near the top thereof and has its lower end threaded in anopening in the bottom 2 of such chamber as shown in Fig. 2. The bore ofthis nozzle is conically reduced at its upper end, as at 27, andterminates in a re stricted discharge orifice 28. Threaded into thelower end of the nozzle 26 is a hol-' low plug 29, which has its upperend of conical .form to seatwithin the conical por tion 27 of the nozzleand has its channel 30 provided near the upper end of the plug .with alateral outlet 31 for ejecting liquid into the space between the plugend and the nozzle wall, as shown in Fig. 2. The plug 29 projects downthrough an inclosed portion 32 of the conduit 24 and connects at itslower end to a pipe. 33 leading to a source of kerosene supply.- Theplug 29 is threaded at its lower end through a centering or bracingmember 34 having openings for the passage of air therethrough. The wall32 vaporize the kerosene as it flows thereon I from the nozzle 26.

To enable the motor to be started by the use of gasolene theturret-chamber 17 is provided in the center thereof with a pendentchamber 37, which communicates near its upper end with a source of fuelsupply through a pipe 38. The gasolene is discharged from such chamberinto the turretchamber 17 through a port 39, the quantity of dischargebeing regulated by a cone valve 40, which is threaded through the casingof the chamber 17. Mounted for vertical movements in the chamber 37 is apiston 41, which has a stem 42 projecting downwardly therefrom throughregistering openings in the bottoms of the chambers 17 and 37. The lowerend of the stemregisters with the upper end of the nozzle 26 and isfashioned to form a cone valve for. seating therein. The stem 42 isnormally held unseated from the nozzle end due to the action'thereon ofa pair of levers 43, 43, which. are fulcrumed to lugs 44 rising from thebottom of the chamber 17 and have their inner ends Weighted, as at 45.As the gasolene is turned. on and enters the chambers 37 its pressure onthe piston 41 effects a lowering thereof and a consequent closing of thedischarge orifice in the nozzle 26. When the gasolene is turned off .theweighted levers 43 automatically act to raise the stem 42 to uncover thenozzle orifice.

46 designates a slide valve which is adapted to be moved to close oruncover airadmission openings 47 in the wall of the chamber 17, wherebyair maybe admitted to such chamber as desired.

If desired to initially heat the carburetor by other than the exhaustfrom the associated engine, a hydrocarbon burner 48 of anysuitable formmay be tapped through the casing 24. In this burner 49, 49- desig-' natethe communicating air and oil-passages therethrough. I

50 designatesa valve closed tube, which is tapped into the casing 24 andthrough which matches may be inserted for igniting the gas ejected fromthe burner 48, and 51 designates an electric spark-plug for the samepurpose.

In the operation of my invention the car.- bureter is initially heatedeither by the use of the hydrocarbon burner 48 or by employthe carurcting chamber 6. To employ .gasolene as a'fuel it is only necessary toopen the gasolene valve, not shown, thus admitting gasolene to thechamber 37, from which it is ejected through the port 39 into the turretchamber 17, where it mixes with air taken in through the openings 47 insulficient uant-ityand then passes to the cylinder 0? the engine. Thegasolene entering the chamber 37 acts on the piston 41 to lower itwhereby to seat the conical end of the attached stem 42 in the discharge'o'rifice of the kerosene nozzle 26 so as to prevent a discharge ofkerosene from such nozzle should it be turned on. The carbureter havingbecome heated to the desired' temperature, the kerosene is turned on sothat when the gasolene is turnedoff the nozzle 26 wlll ,be automaticallyopened to permit the .in-

, carbureting chamber 6 through the heated air tubes 25 commingles withthe kerosene thus vaporized in said chamber and passes therewith throughthe perforations 10 into the channel 7, around which it passes and findsan exit therefrom into the channel 8 through the openings 11. LThemixture then divides and passes in opposite directions around thechannel 8 and then enters the chamber 17 through the o enings 18,18provided in its bottom. The passing of the fuel throughthe perforations10 andaround the channels 7 and 8 and past-the 1i s 13 in said latterchannel causes the particles of kerosene to be thoroughly broken up andvaporized before reaching the chamber. 17, from whence it passes to theengine. The manner employed for utilizing the exhaust to heat thecarbureter is quite an important feature, as by causing a portion of theexhaust to pass around the channel 9, a portion through the tubes 22which intersect the chamber 6 and channels 7 and 8, and a portion topass beneath the vaporizing chambers and channelsthrough the conduit 24,it is apparent that the walls of these several chambers and channels arequite highly heated, thus effecting a thorough vaporization of thekerosene.

I wish it understood that my invention is I not limited to any specificconstruction or arrangement of the parts except in so far as suchlimitations are specified in the claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is,

1. In a carbureter, a 'carbureting chamber,

and outlet chamber, a pluralit of walls surrounding the carbureting camber in s aced relation thereto and to each other, t e spaces betweenthe walls bei in communicationv with each other and with the carburetingand outlet chambers, and passages through the carbureting chamber forthe exhaust from an engine.

2. In a' carbureter, an initial carbureting chamber, passages aroundthrough and below said c amber for exhaust gases from an engine, andair-tubes leading to said carburetin -chamber from the atmosphere andheated y'such exhaust. Y

3. In a carbureter, a carbureting chamber,

means for injecting fuel therein, air-tubes leadin to such chamber,channels arranged aroun such chamber and in communication therewith, andmeans for directing the exhaust from an en e around said air-tubes andaround said chiiinber and channels.

4. In a carbureter, a casing having a central chamber and annularpassages therearound, saidchamber and a portion of said passages beingintercommunicating, conduits for directing exhaust gasesaround the outerof said passages and through said passages and chamber and under-thesame, tubes heated by said exhaust for the passage of air from theatmosphere to said chamber,

and means for injecting the liquid fuel into a said chamber.-

'5. In a carbureter, a body having a carbureting-chamber therein, achamber above said body, means for adm'ittin air to said carburetin-chamber, means or injecting liquid fue into said chamber, means forcausing the fuel mixture to have a circuitous course in passin from saidcarburetingchamber to said at er chamber, and conduits provided throughand around said carbureting-chamber for the passage of exhaust gases.

6. In a carbureter, a body divided .by partitions into acarbureting-chamber and a plurality of surrounding passages, saidpassages being intercommunicating and the wall between the chamber andinner passage being perforated, an outlet-chamber in communlcation withthe outer of said assages,

means for discharging liquid fuel into said chamber, air-tubesleadin tosaid chamber, and conduits around an below said passages for the passageof exhaust gases for heating said partitions andtubes.

7. In a carbureter, a carburet-ing-cha n- 1 her, an outlet-chamber, acircuitous passage between said carbureting-chamberand outlet chamber,and tubes extending through said carbureting-chamber for the passage ofthe exhaust from an engine.

8. In a carbureter, a carbureting-chamber, an outlet-chamber, acircuitous passage between said carbureting-chamber and outletchamber,and conduits extending through and around said, carbureting-chamber andpassages for the-passage of the exhaust from an engine.

9. In a carburetor, a body part having a plurality of partitionsdividing said part, into a carbureting-chamber and a plurality ofsurrounding passages, the wall dividing said chamber from the innerpassage being erforated and the Wall between the -two inner passagesbeing provided with com- 'municating' openings having lips at theirouter edges, an outlet-chamber having communication with opposite sidesof the outer- I ber, tubes extending therethrough for the passage of theexhaust from an engine, a nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into saidchamber and a hot-paste resting on said tubes in position for the liquidejected from such nozzle to flow thereon.

12. In a carbureter, a carbureting-chamber, acircuitous outlet aroundsaid chamber for the mixed fuel, air-tubes opening into said chamber,tubes passing through said chamber for the passage of the exhaust froman engine, means for injecting liquid fuel into said chamber, and ahot-plate associated with said nozzle onto which the liquid flows as itis ejected from the nozzle.

13. In a carbureter, a carbureting-chamber, means for injecting keroseneinto said chamber, air-tubes leading to said chamber, a conduit fordirecting theexhaust gases from an engine around said tubes, and meansemploying kerosene as a fuel for initially heatin such tubes.

. 14. n a carbureter, avaporizing-chamber,

a conduit associated therewith for the passage of the exhaust from ,anengine, airtubes passing through said conduit and opening communicationbetween the atmosphere and'said chamber,'a hydrocarbon burner tappedthrough the wall of said conduit, and means for igniting thehydrocartbon gases injected into said conduit by the burner.

15. In a carbureter, a vaporizing-chamber,

a conduit associated with said chamber for the passage of the exhaustfrom an engine,

air-tubes passing through said conduit to said chamber, a hydrocarbonburner tapped through the wall of said conduit, a port provided in saidconduit, and a valve capable of movement to open said port to permit theinsertion of lighting means therethrough.

16. In a carbureter, two carbureting-chamhere, means for feeding ahydrocarbon liquid to one chamber, means for feeding gasolene to theother chamber, means for admitting' air to said chambers, and meansactuated by the flow of gasolene for stopping the kerot sene discharge.7

17. In a carbureter, an upper deck forming a vaporizing chamber forgasolene, a lower deck forming a passage for the exhaust from an engine,an intermediate deck forming a vaporizing-chamber for kerosene, saidlatter chamber communicating with said first chamber, conduits passingthrough said 7 intermediate deck for the passage of the exhaust from anen 'ne, air-inlet means for the kerosene vaporizing-chamber, andgasolene and kerosene feeding means for the respective chambers.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name to thisspecification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

. PEHR MARTIN BLOM. Witnesses:

C. W. OWEN,

CORNELL SGHREIBER.

